General Zaroff Character Analysis Essay Essay

General Zaroff, one of the main characters in The Most Dangerous Game, was introduced to readers towards the middle of the book and is the antagonist throughout this short story. General Zaroff displays a love for hunting, an unstable and unremorseful mind, and also displays arrogance and cockiness. These three character traits are supported by his actions and words throughout the short story. General Zaroff displays a very passionate love for hunting, which allowed Rainsford and Zaroff to relate to each other fast right when they met each other. When General Zaroff land Rainsford sit down to talk and have a meal General Zaroff says, â€Å"Be a realist. The world is made up of two classes–the hunters and the huntees. Luckily, you and I are hunters.†(pg.21) This quote shows that general Zaroff doesn’t view hunting as just a sport, but as a direct correlation to life. This quote shows that General Zaroff has a passion and love for hunting animals of all sorts. Also, during General Zaroffs conversation with Raisnford he states, â€Å"I killed my first bear in the Caucasus when I was ten.†(pg.23) This quote shows that the generals love for hunting sprouted when he was just a young boy, and has been passion ever since. General Zaroff constantly shows throughout, whether it is in what he says, or the actions he portrays, that he has a very unstable mind and is somewhat of a psycho. For example, towards the end of the lengthy conversation between General Zaroff and Rainsford, General Zaroff says, â€Å"I hunt the scum of the earth- sailors from tramp ships, lascars, blacks, chinese, and mongrels.† (pg. 26) This quote shows that General Zaroff thinks of murder as a game and has no remorse in killing humans of any type. This quote also reveals that â€Å"hunting† and killing humans is a hobby for General Zaroff and is taken very lightly by him. Also, during their conversation General Zaroff stated, â€Å"This is why I use them. It gives me pleasure. They can reason, after a fashion.† (pg.26) When reading this quote it should bring chills to you because of the way general Zaroff talks about other humans. He refers to them along the lines of animals that he is hunting, therefore taking the lives of humans doesn’t bother him what so ever. He also says at the end of the quote that killing humans brings pleasure to him, which breaks almost every morale code of society. Genral Zoroff shows throughout the book that he is very arrogant and cocky, whether it is through his actions or through his words. During the conversation between the General and Rainsford, General Rainsford states, â€Å"I have hunted every kind of game in every land. It would be impossible for me to tell you how many animals I have killed.† (pg. 23) Analyzing this quote you can see that general Zaroff has been all over the world and has hunted every type of animal, but the way he comes across is very arrogant and cocky. A little later on in the same conversation General Zaroff says, â€Å"Life is for the strong, to be lived by the strong, and if need be, taken by the strong. The weak of the world were put here to give the strong pleasure. I am strong. (pg. 26) The arrogance in this quote is overwhelming and is a prime example of showing just how cocky General Zaroff is. It also shows that he sees himself higher up than most people and is better and stronger than everyone else in every way. Throughout the short story, The Most Dangerous Game, General Zaroff portrays the part of a psychotic killer who loves to hunt and has lots of arrogance not only when he speaks but through his actions as well. General Zaroff thinks he is the best hunter to ever walk on the earth, but is proven no match for Rainsford who beats Zaroff at his own game. Even though the book doesn’t exactly tell the ending it hints to the fact that Raisnford killed the psychotic General Zaroff.

Schedule

Brian Tran Dr. U. Lynn Jones GOVT 2302 – S11 November 8, 2012 Court Observation Paper For my court observation, I was able to sit in a Texas State District Court. The judge of the court I observed was Honorable Judge Etta J. Mullin. Everything was pretty much what I expected to see. I wasn’t expecting anything outrageous to happen like on the television. I was expecting everything to be very professional and very boring, like watching the C-SPAN channel. The walls were a dull brown color and most of the furniture was wooden.The Judge sat on a little stand and next to the stand was a seat where people would go to present evidence or tell stories under oath. On the Judge’s right side, there were two rows of seats that the Jury would sit in. There were police officer standing in the room and people sitting down in the audience like me. I couldn’t tell if they were just spectators in the audience, or family/friends of the people on trial. When I first entered the courtroom, I walked in the middle of a court case. Most of the court cases were pretty straight forward. People pleaded guilty and the Judge moved on to the next case.The most interesting case was an assault because it was assault. The defendant of this case also pleaded guilty, but afterwards the Judge talked with the lawyer to discuss what sort of punishment or jail time he should receive. Because there were three counts of assault, the defendant was fined $40,000 and 3 years of community service. I thought it seemed fairly reasonable since the one of the victims suffered injuries such as skull fractures. I, however don’t think that I am experienced enough to know what is considered a good punishment for a crime. Other cases were simple things, like people being caught with possession of marijuana.The penalty for that is a small fine. That reminded me of a time when a guy I knew was caught in possession of marijuana on his was to Waco. He was kept in a holding cell and I had to drive to Waxahachie to help my friend pay for his bail. Personally, I have never done any illegal substances, and I believe that it is wrong even when Colorado and Washington had recently made it legal in those states. The experience was new and fresh, but I don’t think I’d ever go back and watch a court case for fun. I can see how the trial could be interesting, but I was fairly bored by the end of my two hours.It wasn’t as gripping as an episode of Law and Order. A more memorable event that happened while I was at the court house was that one of the people that worked the (in a family court setting) told me a story about this one family. There were 2 siblings, a brother and a sister, and they were trying to get away with taking their Grandmother’s social security check. To do this, the siblings had morphine patches that they would stick on to her spine to make her appear senile. But one day the Grandmother’s friend came over and took her to meet up with the people that worked in the building and everything was good.

Ethics And Professionalism

Chief Executive and any public servant who solicits or accepts any advantage as an inducement to or reward for performing duties shall be guilty of an offence; the offer of the advantage shall also be guilty of an offence [1]. Alai See' is included money and money can be defined as advantage. Since the engineer is on duty and does not get the permit by the Chief Executive therefore the engineer cannot accept ‘Alai See' and once he accept it will become illegal. Next for an engineer of a private company, the engineer offense the law of BOB section 9 and it can be justify by the ‘AAA' which are agent, accept , act and without approval [1]. In the case, the engineer is an employee not the entrepreneur so he is an agent.Accept ‘Alai See' means the engineer getting an advantage. Providing service is an act and finally the engineer getting the ‘Alai See' without the boss permission. Engineer has four criteria means it is illegal and he cannot accept it. In few years ago, there Furthermore in the ethnically view, engineer is no ethnically. Deontological approach. Utilitarianism approach. Engineer cannot tell which means engineer fail the sunshine test. The last but not least, giving ‘Alai see' is a Chinese tradition and they think that it can bring us for luck.

Business Stabilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Stabilization - Essay Example This postulation highlights the disjoint and independence in supply and demand based on time and persons. This is a sharp contrast to the view of the classical monetarist who did not take into consideration the possibility of a time lag in-between earning and expenditure and the savings culture. This was the starting point for Keynesian Economics. As stated earlier, fiscal policy is of more importance than monetary policy in the view of Keynesian Economist. Keynesians believe that money is an asset which can be held for its own sake and not just as a temporal abode of purchasing power. Keynesians do no believe that changes in money supply have significant effects on economic activities. Keynesianism also does not reckon with the classical belief that money can be routed to affect economic activities. Although it will be an overstatement to say that Keynesianism does not recognize money as being important, it should however be put in proper perspective. Money does not have a direct im pact on the economy. Before money can be said to have an impact on the economy, Keynesians believe that a change in money supply should influence interest rate which should in turn translate into a change in investment levels and ultimately have an effect on national income, only then can money be said to matter. Rate of Ms1 Rate of Net Ms= Money Supply Interest Ms2 interest Md = Money demand r1 r1 r2 r2 M1 M2 Ms Md r3 b Investment Going by the graphical illustration above, It is readily observable that, lowering the interest rate will have no impact on an inelastic investment curve. Keynesians also believe that the primary link between money supply and the economy is interest rate with two other secondary link of the ability of the interest rate to affect investments and for changes in investments to affect national income these links according to Keynesianism are very weak. Politicians in the UK in the course of electioneering and campaign exhibit vast knowledge of Keynesianism with the way Economic policies are drawn up. The two main parties in the UK today are the Conservative and Labour parties, each having their traditional viewpoint on economic policies and how the Government is expected to intervene in the economy. However, in the post war period, there has been cross-party consensus as regards economic policy with very great inclination of both the left and the right towards Keynesianism. There has equally been much talk from both sides on how best to manipulate the financial operations of the Government with a view to furthering certain economic policy objectives. These objectives include price stability, external equilibrium, economic development and growth, income distribution etc. instruments of fiscal policy such as tax, Government expenditure and interest rates are ideas that have been propagated in the quest to achieve the afore-mentioned objectives. The belief is that by fine-tuning the fiscal policy, depression within an economy can be overcome. Both the labour and conservative party agreed that some key industries should be owned by the state in a process of nationalization. However

Listening assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Listening assignment - Essay Example The trumpet was played at the fast notes which please the ears of the listener. It added a new modern touch to the typical jazz composition. The addition of drum compliments the soloist in creating the composition while keeping in mind the beats of drum. On the other hand, the addition of piano in making a new bebop composition made a huge difference. It made the typical jazz tune more modern and harmonious. In my point of view, the entire composition and setting of the instruments made this solo performance a classic masterpiece which is melodious as well as it gave a new meaning to bebop style in jazz. Starting off with slow beats and then gradually reaching the point where the sounds and composition as well as the instrumental collaboration mesmerize the hearts and souls of the listeners. All I can say that the composition is melodious with a soulful performance by Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie

Strategic analysis and covert action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic analysis and covert action - Essay Example hat little research exists on the ethical analysis of various intelligence operations, such as the covert actions and the process of collecting and disseminating information2. It is important to denote that intelligence institutions usually operate under a high level of secrecy and deception. This paper analyses the ethical values of the operations of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). It is important to denote that the CIA carries out two major functions in its attempt to protect the citizens of the United States and the various interests of the United States government3. These functions include collecting intelligence information, as well as engaging in a covert operation. A covert action is referred to as a operation that is either conducted in a political or a military manner, and whose sponsor is not known to the public. These actions might include carrying out an assassination on a potential threat to the American interests, or even sponsoring a political group to take over power in a foreign state4. This paper analyzes whether it is ethical to combine these two functions within one central body. The position of this paper is that it is unethical to combine the information gathering role, and that of a covert action to be conducted by one central institution. Due to their roles of carrying out a covert action, the CIA loosed integrity amongst the American public. On this basis, it was impossible to effectively gather sensitive information for purposes of carrying out their roles. For example, on the 22nd of December 1974, the New York Times published a report by Seymour Hersh. This report criticized the activities of the CIA5. The activities that this report criticized included the spreading of propaganda by the CIA, the bribing of politicians, assassination of world leaders, contaminating of the various food supplies and undermining some national governments. In a report to President Henry Kissinger, the then director of the CIA admitted these

Film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Film analysis - Essay Example The scenes of verbal and physical conflicts between Ciki and Nino happen. They physically injure each other and also get to know a little about each other. In the course of this multilingual film, Tanovic portrays intentions of peacekeeping forces and media in somewhat negative but realistic manner through UN Sgt Marchand and journalist, Jane (Tanovic, 2001). As the Ciki and Nino wait with a what seems almost eternal entrapment, nature makes visit through Tanovic’s camera as a piece of blue sky, some trees and feeble sound of birds and insects. But the contrast of this little peep of nature and soldiers confinement to a trench clearly deconstructs war and highlights the beauty of freedom and peace. The sense of wait is depicted strongly as viewers expect something to happen every time but it never does. Ciki finds a gun in the trench and shoots Nino. The shot is taken from a high point to show Ciki’s view point. The camera zooms at low angle to show Nià ±o’s viewpoint who is bracing for the worst to come and looking up at Ciki with blue sky behind him. As Nino closes his eyes camera lingers on him but no shots come. When Nino opens his eyes all he sees is a patch of blue sky and no Ciki. There was no climax such as Ciki putting his gun down and sparing Nino’s life. The incident fades without ending. While vie wer’s curiosity is answered by a long shot of Ciki who has moved to other part of the trench. Tanovic has depicted the unending wait for war to be over. The war is waiting for something to happen but it never happens. It is our and Nià ±o’s viewpoint. One more example, explosion of the mine under Cera is awaited but that does not happen. Ciki and Nino are killing time while Cera is forced to have bowel movement in his pants. A war simply ends when world and media puts their attention somewhere else. . Once Jane approaches the trench and bribes soldiers with cigarettes. The camera shot shows her position high up while Nino’s

Martial relationship having problems before and after getting married Essay

Martial relationship having problems before and after getting married in the United Arab Emirates, what are these problems and h - Essay Example Their traditional cultural and religious practices often clash with their contemporary thinking, as it still influences their personalities. This creates confusion and chaos in their marital relationships. Finding solutions to end marital problems in UAE requires counselling, educating and creating awareness about the responsibilities of marriage among the youth of Emirates. In the traditional patriarchal society of UAE, women are expected to be obedient, domesticated, and willing to attend to the needs of everyone in the family. In a marital relationship, she is particularly responsible to take care of: physical, sexual, emotional and domestic needs of her husband; children; and in-laws. Carrying out domestic or household chores is the sole responsibility of the womenfolk. Men are the traditional bread earners of the family, and therefore their decisions cannot be challenged by their wives. While this traditional patriarchal system has survived through ages, the 21st century woman i s breaking this concept. â€Å"Emirati women in 2010 were ranked number one in terms of gender equality among the whole Arab world and our ranking internationally was 103. This is a big leap,† said Shamsa Saleh, Chief Executive Officer of the DWE. (Chowdhury, 2011 April 02, Khaleej Times Online ) The society of UAE is mostly governed by Islamic laws, also called sharia and family laws pertaining to marriage and divorce are handled accordingly. Muslim men are allowed to have four wives at the same time and they can even marry non-Muslim women. However, they have to bear the financial expenditures of all their wives and children. They are the ‘providers’ of their wives and children and in return their wives are supposed to be absolutely chaste, obedient, and available to satisfy their sexual and domestic needs. United Arab Emirates is one of the advanced countries in the entire gulf region. Exposure to foreign lifestyle due to tourism, foreign media, multinational organizations with its multinational work force and education has gradually changed the social system of Emirates. The youth has responded well to the social changes and they find it implausible to fit the traditional practices in their modern and contemporary lifestyles. The most adverse affect of the clash of civilizations has been on marital relationships. An increase in the divorce rate has been recorded in UAE during the past few decades. â€Å"According to latest available statistics, the UAE leads GCC states in divorce rates, which hit 36 per cent, reported 'Emarat Al Youm'†. (Emirates 24/7, March 04, 2011) Many reasons have been cited for this, among which infidelity, patriarchal system, dowry, inability to understand each other’s personal, emotional, physical and financial needs are prominent. A divorce not only shatters a family but creates social instability as well. 2. Premarital problems: Marriages in the traditional UAE society are arranged by elders or p arents of the bride and groom. Family or cousin marriages are usually preferred as social status is considered as an important aspect of marriage. Financial aspects might become a cause of pre-marital problems as the girl’s family has to arrange for dowry and the overall wedding expenses can go really high. This puts undue strain on the budgets of both the families and might create discord between the married couple. According to Maitha Al Shamsi, Minister of State and Head of the State Marriage Fund,

Provide a critical analysis of theory in relation to ONE of the topics Essay

Provide a critical analysis of theory in relation to ONE of the topics below and discuss how this could be relevant to Social Work. Internal working model, Internal conflict, Trauma, Loss and transition - Essay Example y in order to enhance the understanding of the attachment theory and related concepts with the contemporary and evolutionary physiological theories and how these models influence the social work. Internal working model illustrates the process through which a human being attaches himself with the fellow beings and how attachment mindset come into play while interaction among human beings. An internal working model not only depicts the dynamics of adult relationship but also elucidate the way an infant perceives the society and his surroundings. According to internal working model, every human being develops a working model for this world based on his first hand experiences and what he perceives about the dynamics of different happenings around him (Holmes, 2012). If his key experiences are positive then he will build an affirmative model inside his mind about this world but in the case if otherwise then there will be negative working model and he will perceive the overall world to be on the course of negative side collectively. For example, a new born baby perceives the world to be safe and secure because he experience the same in the form of extensive care from his parents a nd love of his fellows. The internal working model of a child will be developed on some attachment process which will lay the foundation of a permanent perception. But the same internal working model of infant will be different altogether if the behavior of his parents will be harsh and rude (healingpartnerships,1988) The attachment theory which lays the basis of internal working model rationalizes its stance of the fact that human beings constitute close emotional bonds in the interest of survival. The human beings want to live in healthy and peaceful surroundings so they want to perceive the world to be a secure place when they are infants (McCluskey & Hooper, 2000). But the attachment theory changes its course with the passage of time. Famous British psychologist of the 20th century, John

The Western Civilization Essay Example for Free

The Western Civilization Essay Ideas are not only products of the people who formulate them. They are also consequences of history, class, and culture. At the same time, ideas formulated by a certain group of people can in good time go on to shape and influence history, class and culture. The ideas of Enlightenment implied an attitude, a method of thought. They encouraged an orientation of mind that seeks to reexamine and question all received ideas and values, to explore new ideas in many different directions, discovering the truth through the observation of nature. These ideas of the Age of Enlightenment went on to mould the fundamental cultural orientation of the Western world. The Enlightenment left a lasting heritage for the 19th and 20th centuries. It marked a key stage in the decline of the church and the growth of modern secularism. It served as the model for political and economic liberalism and for humanitarian reform throughout the 19th-century Western world. It was the watershed for the pervasive belief in the possibility and the necessity of progress that survived, if only in attenuated form, into the 20th century. The cause of science and scientific thinking had been prospering since the time Copernican Revolution, however, a scientific attitude did not sink in to the masses. It was only in the eighteenth century that the views of thinkers and philosophers began to percolate into the mindsets of common people. Already, by the later decades of the eighteenth century the movement started Enlightenment was ringing triumphant in Europe and America. It would gather momentum in the times that are to follow, becoming a sweeping tide of opinion, assuming a broad front, and determining the course of the Western civilization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It was this passion of a group of thinkers for reason and science that laid the groundwork for modern social and cultural ethos of the Western Civilization.

Impact of Medication Therapy on Diabetes

Impact of Medication Therapy on Diabetes For Doctors and Patients Studies show that intensive medication therapy to control glucose levels may not be the most effective treatment approach for type 2 diabetes. Insulin therapy results in weight gain, which can be excessive, worsening cardiovascular risk profile. Reversing Heart Disease Excess caloric consumption causes the buildup of cholesterol and plaque inside of the blood vessels. Lowering your cholesterol with cholesterol-lowering drugs does not decrease the risk of fatal strokes. Lowering cholesterol with nutritional excellence, however, can offer more protection and disease reversal than drug therapy can, without the risk or expense of prescription medication. The goal is a low body-fat percentage, which is best achieved by prescribed regular exercise and nutritional excellence. Nutritional interventions are effective for: Lowering cholesterol and lipid risk markers Losing weight and glucose intolerance, reversing the diabetic process Reducing inflammatory and clot-promoting tendencies Reducing the tendency toward arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, heart attack, and stroke Managing Insulin Use for Type 1 Diabetes Early onset heart disease in people with type 1 diabetes is linked to insulin resistance. That means excessive amounts of insulin is dangerous for type 1 diabetics because it can cause heart disease. But when type 1 diabetics follow the nutritarian diet approach, they require substantially less insulin, reducing the risk of heart disease and hypoglycemia. Diabetes During Pregnancy Gestational diabetes is a pregnancy-related condition affecting over 5 percent of pregnancies in which women develop high blood glucose in the diabetic range. Gestational diabetes develops when the pancreas cant produce sufficient insulin to keep up with the bodys higher demand during pregnancy. Overweight women are more prone to gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes poses an increased risk to both mother and child. Elevated glucose level increases the size of the baby resulting in delivery complications. It also increases the risk of the baby having underdeveloped lungs and respiratory distress after birth. Gestational diabetes is characterized by very strong insulin resistance, so if insulin is prescribed to treat the condition, the dosage must be high. High dosage of insulin is dangerous because it can induce neonatal hypoglycemia and preterm delivery. So an aggressive antidiabetic protocol is needed to reverse gestational diabetes quickly without the use of risky drugs. A Sample Phase One (Aggressive) Diabetic Reversal Diet for Newly Diagnosed Gestational Diabetes This is also a version of the phase one diet plan to follow if you are on diabetic medications, yet still have a fasting glucose level above 150. Your glucose level will drop quickly under this strict diet. Once your numbers are more favorable, and you are reducing medication, then you can move on to phase two of the program. Make sure you reduce or eliminate mediations to prevent hypoglycemia. Follow this plan until your blood sugar is favorable. Breakfast Because insulin resistance is the highest in the morning, eat low-glycemic plant foods for breakfast. Avoid grains, beans or fruits, except some berries. Use one of the below suggestion per meal. A green salad with a creamy hemp seed herbal dressing. Half cup of berries. A roasted eggplant casserole. Half cup of berries. Lunch Choose two of the below suggestions per meal A vegetable-bean soup made with low-salt tomato and celery juice base. A bowl of shredded lettuce and raw spinach. Roasted tufu slices wrapped in raw collard green leaves. Zucchini-cauliflower casserole. Spicy beans or lentils (1 cup) served hot over a bed of shredded raw vegetables. Dinner Include all three below per meal Steamed green vegetables, crushed raw walnuts, and toasted almond slivers. Raw vegetable served with a humus or salsa dip. One fresh fruit, or two kiwis or some berries for dessert.

Discuss the meaning of childhood

Discuss the meaning of childhood The idea of a child is contested throughout the world. It is first important to distinguish the difference between the terms child and childhood. The dictionary defines a child as a boy or girl from the time of birth until he or she is an adult, or a son or daughter of any age which is a very vague generalization (Cambridge dictionary, 2009) Defining the word childhood presents similar problems, as again the dictionary is of very little assistance merely stating that childhood is the time when someone is a child (Cambridge dictionary, 2009). It is therefore essential to find a more valid definition of a child. Many factors affect the way a childhood is defined, such as the period of history in which the characterization was developed as well as the culture it has transpired from. The thesis of what a child and what childhood is will not be the same globally, although there may be similar themes around which the definition is based. These similarities often include the use of age as a boundary for childhood, the exploration of psychological and biological aspects to childhood and the concept of independence. Mills (2003: 8) also outlines the cultural, geographical, historical and gender based theories on what childhood is. A child in a third world country will have experiences that are a polar opposite to that of a typical child from a western country. This difference in experiences therefore has an effect on the definition given by that particular culture as to what childhood is. Ergo, an important question that arises is whether childhood is shortened by experience or enriched. The UK defines a child as any person, regardless of gender, under the age of eighteen, in accordance with UN policy based upon the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) (NSPCC, 2009).This is a basic biological definition of a child that is accepted by the majority of UN countries. Gamage (1992) however argues that childhood end around the age of ten. Clearly, defining childhood is not a clear cut task. There are different angles to look at when defining childhood from a socio-economic perspective. Cultural differences are a massive factor that needs to be taken into account when attempting to define childhood. Culture affects the way a child is seen which in turn affects the individual child and how they perceive their early role in society. It is the variety in culture globally which leads to ethical complications in cross-cultural adoption, as the UNCRC outlines that a child has the right to know and practice its cultures traditions, however if a child is uprooted from its original setting, does that mean that it should disregard the surrounding it began life in favour of adopting new traditions and languages? We often act in an ethnocentric style which is the opinion that ones own way of life is natural, correct, indeed the only true of being human (Schultz and Lavenda 1990: 32) Ethnocentrism can even be seen in the UNCRC. Whilst it complies with human rights, it can be seen to clash with individual societies for example; some tribes have entirely different traditions and regimes for the treatment of children compared to that outlined in the UN legislation. It is unfair to say that a tribes way of doing things is incorrect yet some of their traditions can be seen as cruel and as infringing the articles of the UNCRC. The ignorance between cultures can create an atmosphere of fear. The lack of understanding we have for unknown societies makes it difficult for us to understand their traditions and how they affect their societies definition of childhood. New problems arise however if we become all consumed with legislation and political correctness for example in Britain schools have begun to replace their nativity plays with a more generalised holiday themed performance. The attempts to be politically correct are preventing British children from learning about their own culture. Nutbrown (1996 ) refers to seeing children as passive recipients of knowledge as adults in waiting which is interesting as it leans towards the idea that children are perhaps not people in their own rights, merely half filled vessels. This is obviously a very odd perspective, as it is taking away the idea of childhood being a key stage in its own right, and focusing on the concept of it just being part of the development to becoming an adult. Nutbrown points out the difficulties in this view, as it infers that the world created for children is not based on their contemporary needs. She writes Perspectives on childhood that include the concept of children as adults in waiting do not value children as learners and therefore create systems of educating and designing curricula, that can be narrow minded rather than open minded and which transmit to children rather than challenge children to use their powers as thinkers and nurture their humanity. Kakar (1981: 18) points out that this is not a global view, and as always, culture is critical to defining childhood. Kakar claims that the word childhood is a fully meaningful word-in-itself in certain areas in countries such as India and China. This emphasis on the word means that the period of life known as childhood is to these cultures an individually important part of life, not just a prerequisite to adulthood. It is particularly interesting to compare different experts key social constructions of childhood. Richard Mills (2003: 9) looks at the ideas of children as innocent, apprentices, and vulnerable whereas in a rather different approach Chris Jenks (1990: 36) explores children as savage, Dionysian and Apollonian. Mills concept of an apprentice being a construction of childhood links to Nutbrown as it refers to the idea that children are merely adults in training. This is a persistent theme throughout defining childhood. Mills, when referring to children as innocent, claims that they are in need of protection, and are representative of good and purity. He talks about the child developing through the gradual acquiring of secret knowledge. For Postman these secrets are to do with sexual relations, money, violence, illness, death and language (Mills ) If Postman is correct in saying that obtaining such information equates to the end of childhood, then by that understanding, it is fair to say that a child who has suffered sexual abuse or the death of a loved one is no longer a child. Postmans ideas can be linked to the ideas of class defining childhood. It is generally fair to say that children from more financially stable backgrounds appear to have in general a more idyllic childhood than those less fortunate. However this doesnt necessarily increase the time that they are a child if Postman is to be believed, as class has little impact on how or when a child discovers the adult secrets. Obviously they are less likely to encounter child labour, however they are not automatically protected from death or sexual knowledge. In a broader sense, parallels to this can be seen internationally, for example, the chances of a child being in labour instead of education are far higher in India than they are in France. The economic standing of a country has a knock on effect on how children are viewed socio-economically. In poorer countries childhood is cut short due to a need for additional income, whereas in most Western countries, children enjoy a full education whilst earning a living is down to the parents. Gender is also a socio-economic aspect of defining childhood, as it is generally believed that girls mature sooner than boys. Does this therefore mean that if you are female, your childhood has been cut short in comparison to your male peers? If the answer is yes, then this should perhaps impact upon laws and legislation. For example, it could be possible that girls could have a younger age of employment to that currently enforced for both genders. This is not necessarily fair on either boys or girls, but it could be a possible way to further define childhood. It is clear that children are defined differently depending on the socio-economic background they come from, whilst this makes it difficult to pinpoint a pr ecise definition of childhood, it is critical to appreciate all different views and ideas, whether or not they comply with our own views. Historically, the constructions of childhood span a range of different phases. Perhaps most importantly is the work of Aries (Palaiologou 2009) who claims that childhood as a concept wasnt even around until the sixteenth century at which point in England, the Christian church began to get involved in educating children with very basic Sunday schools. The ideas out forth by Aries are a source of much debate as they raise a lot of questions and there are theorists who disagree with the ideas put forth by Aries and who claim that childhood has always been present throughout history. If Mills is to be believed when talking about children being in need of both physical and emotional protection, then surely Aries cannot be correct. The parental urge to protect must have been somewhat present throughout all of history, almost like an animal instinct. A key argument against Aries is that in Ancient Greece there was a development of the idea of education in a more formal style. However, this doesnt necessarily mean that childhood was seen as a particularly separate stage, and it still only existed very loosely. Prominent aspects of British childhoods such as fairytales did not exist purely for children in Ancient Greece, but as entertainment for the whole family. In his book Centuries of Childhood Aries highlights the fact that as soon as children were able to exist without needing constant care then they became seen in the same way as adults. Yet, there is still a stage where it is recognized that the infant needs care and attention from an adult, so this can be seen as recognition of childhood. One explanation for this limitation on recognizing childhood as a key phase has groundings in the economic needs throughout history. Children were often required to work from a young age as is still often the case and so this had the effect of often calling a halt to their time as a child. The rise in popularity of Christianity led to the beginning of childhood as we know it today. The concepts of children as innocent as mentioned previously began to materialize, and with it a stronger sense of the need to protect the younger generation. The church stepped in at the helm of education and began to mould the youth. There was a focus on removing the devilish side from children, and it can be seen that the church was leaning towards indoctrination rather than education. Evangelicals took it upon themselves to fight against the possibility of children committing sins. Along with the idea of children as innocent, had come the idea that they as the future, needed to be washed of sins the implication being that they had already sinned. Obviously families were quite enthusiastic about this need to remove the devil and keep their children pure. It wasnt until 1876 that education became compulsory for all children aged ten and under. However, childhood was still seen as just a prerequisite to adulthood, rather than a defined period of life in its own right. It wa s not just education and work that came early to children throughout history either. Marriage and children were on the agenda at the same time we would be moving into junior schools. The laws for children were no different to that of adults and so children enjoyed no rights of their own. This is not dissimilar to criminal law in America, where children are tried in a similar way to adults. It wasnt until 1889 when children began to be recognized legally, and some pinpoint this as the beginning of childhood as we know it. Throughout history the definition of childhood has been vague and insipid until more recently, however it is key to look back at how childhood was viewed to understand how to define it in a more contemporary fashion. The specific needs and rights of children help us to define them further. The UNCRC (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children) is a piece of UN legislation aimed to protect children globally, as well as outline a cohesive set of guidelines for the rights of the child. As previously stated, the UN outlines the age of a child as being up to eighteen years of age for the majority of UN countries. The articles found in the UNCRC are not massively dissimilar to those based around general human rights. The main difference between the legal rights of a child and adult is, as articles five and eighteen outline, stating that the primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child [is with the parent] (UNCRC, Childrens Rights Alliance) This can be seen as a limitation to the childs rights, as they are somewhat dependant on an adult to ensure the rights outlined are provided for them. The legislation came about due to political pressure from various UN countries, w hich led to a domino effect as countries fell to pressure from more major players in the UN collaboration. The overall aim was seen as a way of making children equals in the world and redefine the way adults view them as completely separate from culture and society. It is also important in outlining the role of parents in a childs life with article eighteen focusing on parental responsibilities outlining that the [parents] have the primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child . Often the blame for a failure on behalf of parents is laid at the door of the government and various departments designed to ensure the safety of children. Whilst it is valid to say that in cases, such as the recent Baby P, some responsibility for such tragedies does need to be dealt to official bodies, it is also key to note that the parents or carers are, according to legislation, the people mainly responsible for the protection of their child and as such should not be able to enti rely pass of their wrong doings as the fault of the government for not monitoring them sufficiently. It is interesting to note that the UNCRC is has the highest rate of ratification compared to all other conventions, with only Somalia and the USA rejecting the convention. It has also been seen to directly affect the policies of the countries involved, for example, in Britain the introduction of Every Child Matters. It can also be said that the legislation has assisted in changing traditional views of childhood. Children traditionally were often seen as half-formed adults rather than as individuals. In some ways, by defining childrens rights, and then being so similar to those of adults, its enabled people to stop seeing children as yet to be and instead focus on them as they are. Issues with the UNCRC legislation however, are the differences in the range of cultures it is applied to sometimes clash with the outlined rights of the child. This raises the problem of what is more import ant, culture or the fulfilment of a childs needs and the protection of their rights. The UNCRC itself outlines the importance of keeping children connected to their own heritage and culture with article thirty in particular focusing on the rights of children to enjoy his or her own culture.[and] to participate fully in cultural and artistic life. However it is sometimes difficult to comply with this without limiting the effectiveness of other aspects of the legislation. Also, whilst the UNCRC is an official agreement, it is not a law. There are no real penalties for not complying with the various parts of the legislation, and it is incredibly difficult to monitor. Countries make reports every five years on development, which gives a rather stinted, separated view of how countries are implementing different schemes to corroborate with the legislation put forth. Unfortunately the UNCRC also raises some rather big political issues, such as the idea that the modern, western world is per haps enforcing unattainable and unrealistic goals upon poorer countries. Not only does this lead to their underperformance, but also to conflict between their cultures and the legislation they are being presented with. Also, do people want to see children differently, and do children want their roles to change? All these are major issues raised by the implementation on this global legislation upon unequal and incredibly different countries. However, it isnt all negative. Overall, the positives of the UNCRC far outweigh the negatives as the need to protect and provide for the needs of children is crucial, and this legislation goes a long way in ensuring that children are protected in a suitable manner, even if its effectiveness doesnt span the whole globe in an efficient manner. Children who are in labour rather than education are another construction of childhood to look at. Obviously the UNCRC has a clause aimed at preventing children from having full time jobs, especially that intrude with education but this cannot be successfully be implemented globally. Again, based on previously discussed concepts of childhood, it surely makes sense that if a child is at work then this is a blatant trespass upon their rights as outlined by the UNCRC and again, children are being thrust into a world of adult secrets. There is no glamorous side to child labour, the hours are often extreme, the pay laughable and the job itself more than often horrific for example young children forced into the sex trade. Their innocence robbed. Jobs such as this are in direct defiance of article thirty-two of the convention which states children are to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work which is hazardous. It is from the convention that a minimum age was applied to all jobs in the UK and other countries, and hours workable limited also. However, there are still approximately three hundred and fifty-two million children in labour deemed hazardous globally. The problem is that child labour is often not a choice for the child or the family, as they are forced into jobs due to economic desperation. Poverty is often so crippling that people have no option other than to allow their child to work. Bonded labour is common is some countries, which is where the child is basically pawned off for a sum of money, in exchange for their labour. Again, the UNCRC is placed under strain in this situation, as whilst such activity is clearly in breach of the legislation, it is fair to say that the UNCRC cannot prevent a family earning a living through any means possible in order to avoid complete poverty. This obviously has an impact on defining childhood, as it is difficult to see a boy of seven who does a sixteen-hour shift in a sweat-shop as still b eing a child in the middle of childhood. Biologically and in accordance to law, he would be a child, but his obviously different lifestyle, compared to a typical British child, prevents him from being a true child. In conclusion, it is incredibly difficult to define childhood. In the contemporary climate, it is fair to say that a basis around age, as is stated in the UNCRC and a majority of countries domestic policies. The age of eighteen is perhaps too high from a biological stance, as puberty has basically reached its conclusion by this time, however psychologically it can be seen as advantageous. As has been highlighted, children are not emotionally ready for what may be referred to as adult topics, such as death, sex and money. The frequent introduction of these topics into childhoods seems to have no benefit to the child, in fact it seems in most cases to be detrimental to childrens happiness. Child labour, in particular the sex trade, is horrific not just biologically as children are expected to work long hours in jobs their bodies are not yet prepared for, but also the emotional impact it has can be seen to devastate lives. So in this sense, the age barrier often used when defining child hood is incredibly important. The legislation used to protect children is also key to defining them. The UNCRC, obviously outlines age as a specific part of the legislation, but also, looking at the rights themselves, and the emphasis on the need for protection and the focus on development is incredibly telling when trying to define childhood. As well as being an period of both biological and emotional fragility, usually defined by age, it is also a time during which individuals are dependent on adults, not just for material things, but also emotional support and love. Also, looking back through history highlights the importance of not underestimating the importance of childhood as a period of life in its own right, rather than ignoring it as just a build-up to adult life. Obviously in some ways, it is a developmental period, preparing individuals for the future, however it is still a distinct section of life in its own right and should be valued as such. The implications of the different constructions of childhood are varied throughout the world. The historical aspects outline the importance of not ignoring childhood as a period in its own right. If we try to force an adult-centred curriculum on children rather than nurturing their abilities in the here and now it will lead to a generations of people confused about their identities, due to the lack of time they were given to develop themselves. In terms of schooling and policies for children, focusing on Britain, the major change so far has been the implementation of the Every Child Matters (ECM) (Dcsf) scheme designed to prevent repeats of the tragedy of Victoria Climbie , the young African girl who was tortured by her family until she died. It also stems from the UNCRC. The purpose of ECM is to unite the various agencies concerned with the wellbeing of children, such as social services, schools and health workers. From this, the Common Assessment Framework was developed to enable c hildren with additional needs to get the support they require. However, this scheme has its difficulties, particularly with from the multi-agency angle, as all the various services have a different perspective of the child and the problems each individual is facing. It can even be fair to say that each body has its own perspective on what childhood is, and these often dont match up. Even little things such as the style of observation each body undertakes on a child presents a problem, as often entirely different conclusions are drawn by each service. It is a positive though, that the government has recognized the need to unite different ways of perceiving children to create a more rounded, realistic analysis of children and their specific needs. Cambridge Dictionary (2009) Online Dictionary: Child [online] Available: http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=13062dict=CALDtopic=family-relations-in-general , Cambridge [Accessed 12th December 2009] Cambridge Dictionary (2009) Online Dictionary: Childhood [online] Available: http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=13075dict=CALDtopic=children-and-babies , Cambridge [Accessed 12th December 2009] Childrens Rights Alliance (2008) [online] Available: http://www.childrensrights.ie/files/UNCRC-CRC1989.pdf , Dublin [Accessed 21st December] DCSF (2009) Every Child Matters [online] Available: http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/about/aims/aims/ Crown, London [Accessed 21st December] Gamage, P (1992) Standing Conference on Education and training of teachers In Mills, J and Mills, R (ed.) (2003) Childhood Studies: A Reader in perspectives of childhood London: RoutledgeFalmer, page 8. Jenks, C (1990) Perspectives of Childhood: Summery. In J. Mills and R. Mills (ed.) (2003) Childhood Studies: A Reader in perspectives of childhood London: RoutledgeFalmer, page 30 Kakar (1981).Starting points. In Nutbrown (ed.) (1996) In Childrens Rights and Early Education Paul Chapman Publishing Mills, R (2003) Perspectives of Childhood: Summery. In J. Mills and R. Mills (ed.) (2003) Childhood Studies: A Reader in perspectives of childhood London: RoutledgeFalmer, page 8. Mills, R (2003) Perspectives of Childhood: Summery. In J. Mills and R. Mills (ed.) (2003) Childhood Studies: A Reader in perspectives of childhood London: RoutledgeFalmer, page 9. Nutbrown, C (1996) Starting points. In Nutbrown, C (ed.) Childrens Rights and Early Education Paul Chapman Publishing NSPCC (2009) What is the definition of a child? [online] Available: http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/research/questions/definition_of_a_child_wda59396.html , London [Accessed 12th December 2009] Aries, P (1960) In Palaiologou, I (2009) unpublished lecture notes from Constructions of Childhood 12th October Schultz, Lavenda (1990) In Palaiologou, I (2009) unpublished lecture notes from Constructions of Childhood 23rd November

The Perfect Motorcycle Essay -- Personal Narratives Automobiles Mechan

The Perfect Motorcycle As long as I can remember, I have always been interested in cars, trucks, and other gear-head type stuff. I think I have liked automotive things because my dad is very mechanical and has taught my brother and I more about cars than we really need to know. Luckily in the past few years I have also taken an interest in motorcycles. This began shortly before my sixteenth birthday when I found out that my brother had secretly acquired one and was keeping it at a friends house. As the story goes, my brother Mike noticed an old rusty bike leaning against a shed in someones yard when he was driving around with one of his friends in our truck. Mike asked the man who lived there if he would be willing to part with the motorcycle, and eventually it ended up at our house. That bike was certainly nothing special to look at and when I first saw it, it really wasnt anywhere near running condition. Through much of my brothers perseverance, and a whole bunch of luck, the bike began to runfirst on one cylinder, then on both. I remember when Mike first got it running my dad and I looked on as he took the first ride around the yard; Im not sure if Mike knew it ahead of time or not, but the bike didnt have a functioning clutch. We soon discovered that rolling the motorcycle down a hill and then dropping it into gear wasnt too violent and was certainly good enough for the time being. Soon after, my dad and I were both allowed to ride; I think we both realized that if Mikes bike had been such a success on such little money (free, plus a few necessary parts) there were motorcycles in both of our futures. About a month later, my dad bought another old Honda in beautiful condition, and about a month after that I bought a ... ... model for under $2000 online. I think that with some luck, I could find a CX500TC for about the same price. Unfortunately, the Turbo bikes are much more rare, and even if not more valuable, they are simply harder to find. I recall that shortly after I purchased my bike, I found a CX500TC for sale in Milwaukee (only about 1.5 hours from where I live) for $1500 at a dealership. I was almost having second thoughts about having just purchased a motorcycle, but I think I made the right decision at that time because I am very happy with my bike and I still enjoy every chance I have to ride it. The next time I am in the market shopping for a motorcycle, I will be sure to see if there are any Honda Turbos available for me to consider. Works Cited Honda CX & GL500 Bulletin Board http://cx500.gobinet.se Honda Milestone Models http://www.hondamotorcycles.com

The Effects Of Wearing School Uniforms :: essays research papers

The Effects of Wearing Uniforms in Public Schools Uniforms in public schools are becoming accepted throughout the world. The public school systems would benefit significantly if this policy were to be accepted. Wearing uniforms in public schools result in positive effects. A dress code enforces discipline toward learning by changing a person’s attitude toward success. Students generally act the way they are dressed. With fewer fashion distractions, school will be seen as a priority for teaching and learning rather than trend competitions. This alteration leads to modification in grades because it’s much easier to focus when everyone is dressed alike. Furthermore, a student’s attendance also improves; with the relief of picking out a new outfit every morning. Schools requiring uniforms will experience reduction in violence. Without the pressure of competing with different styles, students are more relaxed in school. They will feel equal and at peace, leading to disappearing thoughts of violence. Obligated uniforms will reduce the weapon dilemma considerably. They will be harder to conceal with all students dressed the identically, therefore fewer will be brought to school. Parents are also impacted when schools require uniforms. Some argue that this policy is too expensive; uniforms are actually more affordable. For example, an average parent of a teen that attends a public school spends over $500.00 a year on clothes alone, while a parent of a teen with a uniform policy spends less then $200.00 a year. There are fewer clothes to purchase, therefore less money to spend.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uniforms provide students with school uniqueness. Students will stand out in field trips and other school activities feeling a sense of belonging. A bond will then form and unite more students together.

Problem Statement Scope And Limitation Engineering Essay

In this research ZnO thin movie will be doped with aluminum utilizing sol-gel spin-coating method. Then the Al-doped ZnO thin movie ( as seed accelerator ) on a glass substrate will be so superimposed underside of an aligned ZnO nanorod construction which was prepared utilizing sonicated sol-gel submergence technique. The nanorod thin movie parametric quantities will be qualifying through its I-V curve features and besides the optical and optical density of aligned ZnO nanorod thin movie.Introduction1.2.1 Background surveyUV detector or bases for UV detector are of import devices that can be used in commercial and military applications. The applications are including gas detection, infinite research, high temperature fire sensing, air quality monitoring and many more. UV sensors presently used silicon-based sensors and photomultiplier tubings. These stuffs require dearly-won filters and attenuators. However by replacing those engineerings with broad band-gap semiconducting materials such as Zn oxide ( ZnO ) have been suggested [ 1 ] . UV light breathing or having devices, solar cells, gas detector and transparent electrodes are some of the Zn oxide applications. Assorted deposition methods such as chemical vapour deposition, sputtering and molecular beam epitaxy were used to manufacture ZnO thin movies. However, these deposition methods are high production cost because required high temperature processing and vacuity engineering [ 2 ] . In this paper, the intent of this research is to manufacture UV detector utilizing zinc oxide thin movie and qualify the detector public presentations by its electrical belongingss. Furthermore, this research is to qualify aluminium doping concentration and the nanostructure of Zn oxide thin movie. In this research, sol-gel spin surfacing method was used to fix Al doped zinc oxide thin movie and an aligned ZnO nanorod structured thin movies on a glass substrate by the sonicated sol-gel submergence method.1.2.2 Literature ReviewZnO is an n-type semiconducting material with a direct set spread of 3.42eV and because of the O vacancies and intrinsic defects such as interstitial Zn atoms, the electrical conduction of the movies is big [ 3 ] . It is really good stuff for electronic device application due to its broad set spread and big exciton adhering energy of 60meV [ 4 ] . The belongingss of ZnO thin movie can be improve by a doping procedure and tempering procedure [ 3 ] . There are th at focal point on the doping procedure. To improved electrical or optical belongingss of ZnO, ZnO were often doped with group 3, 4 and 5 elements such as Gallium ( Ga ) , Sn and Aluminium ( Al ) [ 5 ] . Al doping is most suited because it ‘s inexpensive, abundant and non-toxic stuff and will bring forth Al doped ZnO thin movie with higher optical transmission and low electric resistance in infrared part [ 4 ] . From the diary [ 6 ] , radio-frequency ( RF ) reactive magnetron sputtering method was used to lodge Al-doped ZnO on the smooth nucleation side of FSD movies by. The electrical belongingss were discussed. The first negatron concentration increased and following decreased with the addition of Al doping concentration. The maximal bearer concentration achieve when the movie is doped with 2at % Al. Hall mobility is reciprocally relative to the Al doping concentration. The high temperature tempering procedure is use to heighten the Hall mobility of the movies [ 6 ] . From the diary [ 7 ] , ZnO thin movies with assorted weight per centums of aluminum and the electrical belongingss were discussed utilizing sol-gel dip-coating method. The conduction shows higher response of the doped ZnO thin movies under UV compared with dark status. Both status cogent evidence that the conduction of ZnO is straight relative to doping concentration. The optical set spread energy is besides straight relative with doping concentration. The transmission of ZnO thin movies is about 75 % when wavelength from 390nm to 850nm. From the diary [ 8 ] , at different dopant concentration the electrical belongingss of Al-doped ZnO thin movies were discussed utilizing sol-gel method. The opposition first lessening with addition aluminum ion concentration. Then the opposition of doped thin movies increased with increasing dopant concentration and it decreases at higher Al concentration. The transmission of ZnO thin movies is about 80 % when wavelength from 370nm to 850nm. The advantage of Ga is an first-class dopant for increasing the conduction and this beginning is less reactive and more resistive oxidization. Based on the diary [ 5 ] , Ga-doped ZnO nanowires were growing utilizing thermic deposition method. The ZnO nanowires have grown uniformly with high output and mean length of each nanowire is about 1.3um. From the XRD form, it can be deduced that the Ga component doped into the nanowires creates a clear widening. The Ga-doped ZnO nanowires have a greater field-enhancement factor than the undoped ZnO nanowires [ 5 ] . Aqueous solution procedure with post-growth rapid photothermal processing ( RPP ) was used to fix Sn-doped ZnO nanorods to develop aligned Sn-doped ZnO nanostructure. Aqueous solution method was chosen in readying of metal oxide nanoparticles construction due to its cost and environment friendly. Rapid photothermal processing ( RPP ) as an options of thermic tempering was combine with aqueous solution due to short rhythm clip, reduced exposure and flexibleness [ 9 ] . Based on diaries [ 6 ] , [ 7 ] and [ 8 ] , the optimal doping concentration of aluminum is 2at % , 5at % and 1.5at % severally. Optimal aluminum doping concentration will gives extremely semiconducting belongingss of Al-doped ZnO thin movie for application UV detector [ 4 ] . A research had done on assorted Al doping concentration and the optimal doping concentration is at 1at % Al. This research will used 1at % Al concentration based on journal [ 4 ] . Aligned ZnO nanorods that were prepared utilizing sonication method are a simple manner and really low cost method compared to other techniques. It besides will growing high quality ZnO nanorod with a little diameter size [ 10 ] .1.2.3 Problem Statement, Scope and LimitationMost people are cognizant of the effects of UV through the painful status of tan, but the UV spectrum has many other effects whether its benefits or damaging to human wellness. Excessively much exposure to UV radiation can impact human wellness. UV application for optical detector used 230 nanometer to 400nm wavelength which is ultraviolet B ( UVB ) which is harmful to human tegument. Since it is harmful to human tegument, metal oxide semiconducting material movies have been considered due to its first-class chemical and physical belongingss. One of them is zinc oxide stuff. Zinc oxide is non merely good in optoelectronic but besides in electrical belongingss. Zinc oxide is so will be doped with aluminum to heighten the Zn oxide thin movie belongingss by utilizing sol-gel spin-coating method. It is of import to take the right method for fixing aligned ZnO nanorod. The range of this research is to look into the electrical belongingss ( I-V feature ) and the optical belongingss of the ZnO nanorod thin movie at different submergence clip. The restrictions of this research are on the solution readying and deposition status which are different for different groups and on the hole parametric quantity.1.2.4 Significant of the researchThe nanomateria ls based detectors are raising the advantage of size decrease and enhanced functionality [ 12 ] . This research will used a simple method to fix an aligned ZnO nanorod thin movie which is sol-gel submergence method which is this method has non been reported by any research group. Furthermore it is really low-priced method.1.2.5 AimsTo fix Al-doped ZnO thin movie as seed accelerator bed. To fix aligned ZnO nanorod thin movie at different submergence clip. To manufacture aligned ZnO nanorod thin movie based UV photoconductive detector. To qualify fancied UV detector.1.2.6 Research QuestionsTo accomplish the aim of this research, some research inquiries would necessitate to concentrate on which are: What is the I-V curve feature of aligned ZnO nanorod thin movies before and after exposing to the UV light? What is the optical and absorbance feature of aligned ZnO nanorod thin movies? How to manufacture ZnO thin movie? What is the factor impacting the nanostructure ZnO thin movie before and after exposing to the UV light?Chapter 22.1 Research Methodology2.1.1 Al doped ZnO thin moviesSol-gel spin-coating method was used to fix Al doped ZnO thin movies. The solution include Zn ethanoate dihydrate ( Zn ( CH3COO ) 2 2H2O ) as precursor, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate ( Al ( NO3 ) 3 9H2O ) as a dopant beginning, monoethanolamine ( MEA, C2H7N14 ) as a stabilizer and 2-methoxyethanol as a dissolver were prepared. The concentration of aluminum nitrate was 1.0at % Al doping and the molar ratio of MEA to zinc ethanoate was fixed at 1.0. At 3 hours before aged at room temperature for 24hours to give clear and homogenous solutions the solution was stirred at 80 & A ; deg ; C. The solutions were so used for deposition procedure by spin-coating technique. Substrates used were microscope on the glass substrates. At room temperature, the spin-coating was performed utilizing 10 beads of solution per deposition with a velocity of 3000rpm for 60s. The movies were preheated in atmosphere ambient at 150 & A ; deg ; C for 10 proceedingss to vaporize the solvent each clip after deposition procedure. The movies were annealed at 500 & A ; deg ; C for 1 hr in air ambient utilizing a furnace ( Protherm ) after reiterating the coating process 10 times. The crystal construction and orientation of ZnO thin movies were investigated by X-ray diffractometer ( XRD ) . The cross-section of the movie thickness is observed by utilizing scanning negatron microscope ( SEM ) . By utilizing UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer, the optical belongingss of ZnO thin movies were measured in the wavelength scope from 200 nanometers to 1500nm. The electrical belongingss were measured by District of Columbia examining system [ 4 ] . Start Fix the solution of Zn oxide Precursor: Zn ethanoate dehydrate Stabilizer: monoethanolamine Dopant beginning: aluminum nitrate nonahydrate Solvent: 2-methoxyethanol Heat and stir the solution Temperature: 80 & A ; deg ; C Time: 3hr Solution stirring and aging Temperature: room temperature Time: 24hr Thin movie deposition utilizing spin-coating tech. Speed: 3000rpm Time: 60s Temperature: room temperature Solution: 10 beads of solution per deposition Thin movie drying Temperature: 150 & A ; deg ; C Time: 10min Repeat 10 times Thin movie tempering Temperature: 500 & A ; deg ; C Time: 1hr End2.1.2 Aligned ZnO nanorod constructionAn aligned ZnO nanorod construction was prepared utilizing the sonicated sol-gel submergence method on a glass substrate coated with a ZnO thin movie that had been doped with 1at % Al. The sol-gel coating method was used to fix the Al-doped ZnO thin movie as a seeded accelerator that was prepared on the glass substrate. A solution was prepared of 0.1M Zn nitrate hexahydrate ( Zn ( NO3 ) 2.6H2O ) and 0.1M hexamethylenetetramine ( HMT, H2NCH2CH2OH ) in deionized H2O ( DI ) . At 50 & A ; deg ; C for 30 proceedingss utilizing an supersonic H2O bath, this solution was sonicated. The solution was so aged and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. The sonicated and elderly solution was poured into a Schott bottle, at the underside which had been placed the horizontal Al-doped ZnO thin movie coated glass substrate. The capped bottle was so immersed in a 95 & A ; deg ; C H2O bath for 4 hours. After the submergence procedure, the sample was cleaned wi th DI H2O and allowed to dry in ambient air. By utilizing field emanation scanning electron microscope ( FESEM ) and X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) , the ensuing ZnO nanorod construction was characterized for surface morphology and crystallinity. The optical transmission and optical density belongingss of the sample were characterized by UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer [ 10 ] . Start Fix the solution in deionized H2O 0.1M Zn nitrate hexahydrate 0.1M hexamethylenetetramine Sonicated solution utilizing an supersonic H2O bath Temperature: 50 & A ; deg ; C Time: 30min Solution stirring and aging Temperature: room temperature Time: 3hr Placed the horizontal Al-doped ZnO thin movie coated glass substrate at the bottom Schott bottle. Poured sonicated and aged solution Submergence procedure Temperature: 95 & A ; deg ; C H2O bath Time: 4hr Clean with DI H2O and dry in ambient air Nanorod construction word picture Electrical belongingss Optical belongingss EndChapter 33.1 DecisionThe electrical belongingss of ZnO thin movie improved when ZnO thin movie was doped with aluminum. Optimum aluminum doping concentration will gives extremely semiconducting belongingss of Al-doped ZnO thin movie for application UV detector. It is of import to happen low cost method. The ZnO nanorods have an mean diameter of 100nm. An mean optical transmission of 78 % was observed. The electrical belongingss and optical belongingss of an aligned ZnO nanorod thin movie were affected when changing the submergence clip. High grade of crystalline, big surface country handiness, a seeable wavelength transparence and high UV soaking up belongingss, this method show it ‘s suited for UV detector application.

Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System

ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION A System Analysis and Design Project Presented to Quezon City Polytechnic University San Bartolome In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology by: Tahum, Marilyn T. Desuyo, Gilbert D. Co, Joseph Darwin C. Lim, Tom Angel L. Professor : Mary Joy D. Vinas Professor : Elimar Ravina October 2011 SAD COORDINATOR AND IS’s HEAD ACCEPTANCE SHEET This System Analysis and Design Project entitled ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION After having been recommended and approved is hereby accepted by the Information technology Department of Quezon City Polytechnic University – San Bartolome ______________________ Ms. Lorena A. Tayamora SAD Coordinator ______________________ Ms. Maria Aura Impang IS Head October 3, 2011 PANEL’S APPROVAL SHEET This System Analysis and Design Project entitled ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION developed by: Desuyo, Gilbert D. Co, Joseph Darwin C. Lim, Tom Angel L. Tahum, Marilyn T. after having been presented is hereby approved y the following members of the panel _____________________________________ Panelist Panelist October 3, 2011 October 3, 2011 ______________________ Lead Panelist October 3, 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Above all, the proponents would like to thank the ever loving God for giving them the wisdom and patience to finish this research. The researchers would like to express their sincerest gratitude to their parents for t heir untiring support emotionally and financially. The proponents are also thankful to Professor Mary Joy D. Vinas for editing the first, second and third chapters of this research. Special thanks to their parents, and friends who supported them. The proponents would like to extend their appreciation to Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation who willingly cooperates for the said study. To their classmates who have given full support and assurance, thank you for your time and effort. To all the people who have been the instruments for the accomplishment of this research, thank you very much!!! ABSTRACT Title:â€Å"ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM† Proponents: GILBERT D. DESUYO JOSEPH DARWIN C. CO TOM ANGEL L. LIM MARILYN TAHUM Professor: Prof. Mary Joy Daniel Vinas Prof. Elimar Ravina Degree: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Date Completed: October 2011 Statement of the Problem The CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION is a company located at 10th avenue Caloocan City. By conducting a company visit and interviews, the proponents found out that the company uses a Bundy clock in their attendance monitoring and using a manual process for the payroll. A problem that is observed using the manual system is the waste of time or the speed of the process in each payslip. Another problem is a secure place for record. From used time cards and payslips, the company’s staffs use ledgers for the transactions. As a solution to this, the proponents proposed a computerized system to be evaluated by Cyclemar. The proponents believe that the computerized system can give solution to their problems. Through computerization, these monitoring can be processed with increased speed, since their sheer volume would easily overwhelm any manual system. In developing the system, the proponents have gathered the knowledge, software and hardware requirements that are necessary for the evaluation of the computerized system. In the end of the study, the proponents expect good results at the end of the evaluation. Hypothesis There is significant difference between the proposed and the existing system in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, reliability, security and speed. Methodology The proponents used questionnaires for the gathering of data needed in determining the problems met by the employees of the Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation. Informal interview, observations and actual experiences of one of the proponents were also included in constructing the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of criteria that measure the manual system in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, reliability, security and speed. The first draft of the questionnaire was submitted to the professor of the proponents for corrections and suggestions. After the validity and reliability of the questionnaire has been established, the investigators then sought the approval of their Professor as well as the Manager of the Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation to allow them to conduct the study. After the approval of these authorities, the proponents’ administered the questionnaires. By the time the survey questionnaires were answered by the respondents, the proponents had gathered before the results were tallied for evaluation and interpretation. The employees of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation were the respondents of this study. In finding out the problems, the employees and regular members were the source of data. On the other hand, the employees were the ones to evaluate the performance of the existing and the proposed system. Findings The findings of this study are presented as follows: 1. The proponents found out that the following features should be included in the proposed system to design a system that can provide information repository for the Attendance Monitoring and Accounting transactions in a computerized format, and that is capable of adding, computing, editing, deleting employees, searching records and generating reports: a. Easy access buttons b. Search bars c. Graphic for the interface d. Summary/history of the payroll transactions e. Generated reports f. Automatic computation g. Different level of access h. Error messages for wrong inputs i. Restoration of database j. Back-up for database k. Shortcut keys l. Database for username and password 2. The proponents found out that 100% of the employees believed that automatic computation and search bars should be included in the system to eliminate the burden in payroll transactions and in searching and retrieving employee’s records. Second to the most needed features for the proposed system is the automatic computation in which accurate result will be computed in a short period of time. Additionally the proponents found out that there is no significant difference between the proposed and the existing system in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, reliability, security and speed. The computed t-value of the proposed and existing system generally is greater than the critical value; hence the null hypothesis is rejected. Conclusions The proponents conclude that the most common problem of the company is the speed for which 27% of the employees believed that the system is speedy or 73% believed that the existing system does cause frequent delays in the company’s payroll transactions. In the proposed system in which the employees were the evaluator in terms of the five criteria stated above, the arithmetic weighted mean of speed increases from 2. 15 or â€Å"fair† in the existing system to 4. 2 or â€Å"excellent† in the proposed system. It shows that the proposed system will help the employees to handle membership application; savings deposit transaction, withdrawal of savings transaction, loan approval transaction, and loan release and loan payment in a speedy way. Recommendations Based on the findings and conclusion derived from this study, the proponents post the following recommendations: 1. The Attendance Monitoring with Payroll system of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation will be implemented in the company so that the time-consuming and complex log-in/log-out of the employees will be simplified and speedy. . Digital signatures such as bar code reader will be used to determine the employee’s identity. 3. The payroll of the employees in the Accounting section will be included in the system. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ i Acceptance Sheet†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ii Approval Sheet†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦iii Dedication †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iv Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. vi Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. vii List of Tables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦xii List of Figures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. xiv CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Background of the Study1 Organizational Directory 1. Organizational Chart2 2. Duties and Responsibility3 Objectives of the Study 10 1. General Objectives10 2. Specific Objectives10 Significance of the Study11 Scope and Limitation13 Scopeof the Study13 Limitations of the Study13 Definition of Terms 14 CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Foreign and Local Literature16 Foreign and Local Studies18 Methodology of the Study20 1. Theoretical Framework22 2. Conceptual Framework24 CHAPTER IIISYSTEM PLANNINGA. Description of the Existing System27 1. Context Diagram27 2. DFD Diagram28 B. Problem Definition30 1. Problem Description30 2. Anticipated Business Benefits30 3. System Capabilities31 C. Project Feasibility32 1. Project Development Cost32 2. Cost – Benefit Analysis33 a. Existing System33 b. Proposed System37 CHAPTER IVSYSTEM ANALYSISA. Information Gathering Tools and Techniques41 1. Questionnaire41 2. Interview Guide41 B. Description of the Proposed System42 C. System Requirement Model421. Event Table42 2. Context Diagram/DFD Diagram/Use Case Diagram43 3. System Flowchart/Activity Diagram/Sequence Diagram45 4. Location Diagram50 CHAPTER VSYSTEM DESIGN A. Systems Design Models51 1. Screen Layout51 2. Report Layout55 B. Database Design56 1. Table Description in Normalized Form56 2. Table Relationships/Entity Relationship Diagram57 3. Data Structure58 4. Data Dictionary60 CHAPTER VIRECOMMENDATIONConclusion 62 Justification63 APPENDIX Project Schedule and Work Assignment / Gantt ChartA CertificationsB Transcript of InterviewC Survey Forms/ QuestionnairesD Sample Forms and ReportsE Screen Design F .User’s ManualG Program ListingH Floor Plan / Network LayoutI On Field PhotographJ BIBLIOGRAPHY PERSONAL VITAE CHAPTER  I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Background of the Study Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation has a current system that is accessible to all employees. Which found out that Bundy clock is used to monitor their employee’s attendance and for their payroll. The system cannot provide the convenience because of lack of organize records. The system is also not reliable for departments because it is not updated and possible to loss of data. Mr. Romeo Bautista is the owner of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation located at 336 10th Avenue Grace Park Caloocan City. In 1962, Mr. Bautista started a business by selling of bicycles and spare parts with a few employees then, the number of employees increased up to present date with multiple numbers of employees and five (5) departments. In 1969, the company started selling motorcycles and spare parts, and then in 1985, they built motorcycle units with spare parts. This is the place where you can buy genuine, OEM and replacement parts for Kawasaki, Yamaha, Suzuki, Honda, China and Taiwan motorcycles and scooters and wide and secured space for repairs and installment of accessories for your motorcycle and/or scooter. They also are accepting wholesale and retail of motorcycle spare parts. And now they are looking forward to become one of the Philippines’ leading suppliers of bikes and motorcycle. Currently, the company is successful since its establishment in 1962. Organizational directory 1. Organizational Chart Figure 1. 1 Organizational chart 2. Duties and Responsibility Accountant †¢ Prepare profit and loss statements and monthly closing and cost accounting reports. †¢ Compile and analyze financial information to prepare entries to accounts, such as general ledger accounts, and document business transactions. Establish, maintain, and coordinate the implementation of accounting and accounting control procedures. †¢ Analyze and review budgets and expenditures for local, state, federal, and private funding, contracts, and grants. †¢ Monitor and review accounting and related system reports for accuracy and completeness. †¢ Prepare and review budget, revenue, expense , payroll entries, invoices, and other accounting documents. †¢ Analyze revenue and expenditure trends and recommend appropriate budget levels, and ensure expenditure control. †¢ Explain billing invoices and accounting policies to staff, vendors and clients. Resolve accounting discrepancies. †¢ Recommend, develop and maintain financial data bases, computer software systems and manual filing systems. †¢ Supervise the input and handling of financial data and reports for the company's automated financial systems. †¢ Interact with internal and external auditors in completing audits. †¢ Other duties as assigned Human Resource Management †¢Employment and Recruiting: Interviewing, recruiting, testing, temporary labor coordination. †¢Training and Development Orientation, performance management, skills training, productivity enhancement. †¢Compensation Wage and salary administration, job descriptions, executive compensation, incentive pay, job evaluation. †¢Benefits Insurance, vacation leave administration, retirement plans, profit sharing, stock plans. †¢Employee Services Employee assistance programs, relocation services, outplacement services. †¢Employee and Community Relations Attitude surveys, labor relations, publications, labor law compliance, discipline †¢Personnel Records Information system records. †¢Health and Safety Safety inspection, drug testing, health, and wellness. †¢Strategic Planning International human resources, forecasting, planning, mergers and acquisitions. Sales Executive Maintain Market Awareness †¢ In order to tailor their sales pitches, sales executives need to keep abreast of changes in the market that impact their target audience. They must understand dips and rises in demand for clients' products, lifetime and wear of machinery, and changes in the stock market that may hinder sales. In addition, they should be aware of the sales strategies of competitors, both for their business and their clients' businesses. The more alert a sales executive is, the more accurately the needs of customers are targeted and new market opportunities identified. Meet a Bottom Line †¢ Most sales executives have quarterly and annual sales goals that they strive to meet throughout the year. To do so, they attempt to convince existing clients to increase their purchases from the company–a process which is called â€Å"upselling†Ã¢â‚¬â€œor search for new clients. Often, sales executives operate on the idea that it takes less effort to retain current customers than to find new ones, and, therefore, focus their energy on upselling. Maintain Relationships †¢ A sales executive is often a master of relationships with clients, vendors and employees. A good relationship can lead to new sales leads, increased purchasing and referrals. Sales executives put a great deal of time and energy into creating and nurturing their relationships, and make a point to offer value and opportunity wherever possible. Manage a Territory †¢ Depending on the nature of a business, a sales executive may be responsible for taking care of clients in a geographic region and be the person called with problems. Managing a specific sales territory often involves travel to meet with customers and suppliers to ensure that operations are smooth and to reinforce the strength of the relationship. Negotiate Contracts †¢ For ongoing projects or large orders, a sales executive is responsible for negotiating the terms of the sale and drawing up a contract. This ensures that both parties understand what is and is not included in the order and protects against liability. In the sale of equipment, for example, a sales executive may negotiate prices for the setup, installation and testing, in addition to the initial purchase. Retail Salesmen Sales †¢ Retail salesmen often make sales presentations to customers. They may show customers a variety of products and explain the features and benefits of each, to help the customer make an informed decision about a purchase. They also inform the customer of any sales or promotions that are currently underway or happening in the near future. Once the customer makes a decision, the salesman may also process the transaction. Customer Service †¢ Retail salesmen assist customers in locating store merchandise and handling product returns. Some salesmen may customize a product to meet a customer's needs, such as in a men's clothing store, where a salesman measures a customer for a suit fitting. They may also assist customers by carrying large items, like televisions, to their cars. Merchandising †¢ When there are no customers in their department or in the store, salesmen may perform merchandising functions. This includes building product displays and rearranging products on the shelf in accordance with a predetermined layout, known as a planogram. They may also change pricing on sales and promotional items. Store Operations †¢ In some retail establishments the salesmen will be responsible for opening or closing a store. If opening a store, the salesman must arrive in advance of the opening time to ensure that the store is ready for the day's customers. When closing, duties may include reconciling cash registers and taking the day's cash receipts to the bank for deposit. Management Functions †¢ Some salesmen may also have the responsibility of managing a department in addition to their sales duties. This can involve ordering merchandise, making work schedules and supervising the activities of other salesmen. Department managers are usually held accountable for the profitability of their departments in addition to making sales. Maintenance Manager †¢ Build a well-operated maintenance team. †¢ Assist and supervise maintenance team to handle all maintenance works. †¢ Maintain and manage highly automated office equipment. †¢ Maintain efficiency levels. †¢ Prepare maintenance budget. †¢ Initiate spare parts planning and second sourcing. †¢ Support staff and personnel to improve output achievements. †¢ Review and evaluate maintenance operations. †¢ Improvise maintenance operations to save on costs and work time. †¢ Implement best practices, standards and procedures in all maintenance functionalities. Office Staff Capable of handling day to day office work like filing, bank related work, other domestic work. †¢ Assisting in office chores †¢ Co-coordinating with vendors. Maintenance Staff Background †¢ Though specialists can develop expertise in only one trade like carpentry or plumbing, maintenance workers must be skilled in several crafts so that t hey can work on all problems that develop in a business. Duties †¢ Maintenance workers repair and maintain machines, diagnose and repair electrical or plumbing problems, paint and fix the facility structure, and adjust computer, heating or cooling systems. Objectives of the Study 1. General Objective †¢ The main objective of the study is to enhance the attendance monitoring system using a barcode scanner that will improve the daily attendance as well as salary process of each employee efficient. 2. Specific Objectives †¢ The study aims to have user maintenance that will secure the system towards the non-trusted personnel or those people outside the office. †¢ The study aims to create a difference from their current when it comes to the design. †¢ The study aims to strengthen a module for attendance monitoring of the employees. The study aims to developed efficiently salary of each employee †¢ The study aims to create a module that will give a summarize list of report of the payroll of the employees. Significance of the Study This study will have significant effort in promoting the good work environment in workplace and motivations of its employees. This will become beneficial to the employer and employee in str ategic management. By understanding the attendance monitoring and benefits of payroll processing, this research will be assured of a competitive advantage. Moreover, this study will be helpful to the management and business practitioners in training and informing them in the area of human resources management, objectives, and strategies. It will also serve as a future reference for researchers on the subject of human resources and corporate companies. And importantly, this research will educate employee in deciding on whether an industry e. g. business industry is really fulfilling its responsibility to the community or is just showing off to promote the management. COMPANY After the implementation, the system will be able to meet all the need of the company regarding the attendance monitoring and payroll process made in the company. It also provides efficient ways on the employees’ record. MANAGEMENT Regarding the attendance monitoring with payroll made in the company, the management will also be benefited when it comes to managing and manipulating payroll process. It also provides reports that will help the management to view all records of the employee study made inside. PERSONNEL Personnel and staff/employee will be the only that is most important because they are the one who will used and focus the system. They will have a clear understanding about the system because of the clear and appropriate design made by the proponents. They will also have a convenient and easy monitoring of Daily Time Record (DTR) of the employees. PROPONENTS This project helps the proponent to enhance their technical skills, communication skills, project management skills, interpersonal skills and also in programming skills. Aside from that, the proponent will have a better understanding regarding the attendance monitoring with payroll system by the management. Scope and Limitation Scope of the study This study â€Å"Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System† will enhance the capability of the attendance in Cyclemar Corporation by changing from Bundy clock to Bar code reader monitoring device of the employee for making efficient payroll system. It includes the features that can Add Employees record, Edit Employees information, Delete Employees record, print / Save the Pay Slip of each employee and Updating Employees information as well as the Weekly Salary, Cash advance, the rate per day, overtime, Gross payment, Net pay, and Deduction such as withholding tax and SSS, adding up with a log-in log-out process for security purpose. Limitation of the study The study, â€Å"Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System† does not cover the attendance of executive staff such as the Owner, trainees and security staff such as the security guard due to the company pays them through a security agency. Also the study does not cover the sales and inventory of the company and the Accounting department will only use the system for the salaries and wages of the employees and other accounting functions are not covered. Also the HR department will only use to check and verify the attendance of the employees and does not cover the other functions of the HR such as hiring new employees. /Definition of Terms Attendance: the number of employees present Barcode reader:   Is an electronic device for reading printed  barcodes. Like a  flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain  decoder  circuitry analyzing the barcode's image data provided by the sensor and sending the barcode's content to the scanner's utput port. Bundy Clock: A time clock, sometimes known as a clock card machine or punch clock or time recorder. Computer software: Is the collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do. Database:   Is an organized collection of  data  for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typi cally organized to model relevant aspects of reality. DTR: Daily Time Record list of the log-in / log-out record of the employee. Employee: A person in the service of another under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral or written, where the employer has the power or right to control and direct the employee in the material details of how the work is to be performed. Lilo: Log-in and Log-out. Operating system (OS): Is a set of system software programs in a computer that regulate the ways application software programs use the computer hardware and the ways that users control the computer. Original equipment manufacturer (OEM): Refers to the company that originally manufactured the product. When referring to automotive parts, OEM designates a replacement part made by the manufacturer of the original part. Pay slip:   Is traditionally a paper document (a  cheque) issued by an  employer  to  pay  an employee  for services rendered. In recent times, the physical paycheck has been increasingly replaced by electronic  direct deposit  to bank accounts. Such employees may still receive a pay slip, but any attached cheque is marked as  non-negotiable  and cannot be cashed. Payroll:   Is the sum of all  financial  records of  salaries  for an employee,  wages, bonuses and  deductions. In accounting, payroll refers to the amount paid to employees for services they provided during a certain period of time. SQL: (Structured Query Language) is a  programming language  designed for managing data in  relational database management systems  (RDBMS). System: a system of elements that cross in the manner of threads in a net that are related or connected may fluctuate in quantity and value. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC): Is the process of creating or altering systems, and the models and methodologies that people use to develop of these systems. Visual Basic . NET (VB. NET): Is a version of Microsoft's Visual Basic that was designed, as part of the company's . NET product group, to make Web services applications easier to develop. CHAPTER  II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Foreign and Local Literature Foreign Literature According to Primer (2005), for many businesses automating the collecting of employee attendance data when employees begin their shifts is still a manual  process. Even business that has automated or computerized processes such as scheduling, inventory, purchasing, general ledger and payroll processing still use manual methods such as time cards or attendance sheets to collect time and attendance data. NOVAtime (2007), the system that will give management the power to not only utilize the tools we have available to us today, but will continue to grow and evolve, giving it the capability to incorporate and utilize the tools the new millennium promises to bring us. NOVAtime has brought a system designed for growth while maintaining the maximum in flexibility. Where the sophistication lies within the programmed mechanism of the system, allowing for a quick and simple implementation and employee training cycle. After all the true test of a system is not only in the production and wealth of  reporting, but in the simplicity and ease of its operation, in conjunction with a simple and accommodating implementation program. Local Literature Aquilan (2004) made a comparable thesis on the automation of time attendance that records the time in and time out of every employee using barcode system. It tends to eliminate the manual recording system of time and attendance and also include salary computation of each employee based on the time and attendance reports. Ramon Faloran (2005) wrote in the article â€Å"The Computer Edge of the New Employment and Opportunities â€Å"in the Philippine Daily Inquirer. He stated that computer gives you a different feeling about what is happening in the company. Business will be highly competitive and innovative because the computer provides instant information. Cantoma (2004) in her thesis entitled â€Å"Computer Library System for St. James Academy† stated that, in manual system in retrieving, maintaining security and piling records take place because of the years gone by. Furthermore, these files were only kept in envelopes and folders in wooden rocks. There are also instances when the right information is given to a wrong person, which affect quality of service. Foreign and Local Studies Foreign Study Columbia State Community College (2006) uses computer identification account (Log In Name and Password) for access to the institutions computer usage logs occurs electrically through the individual users log in/out process. Users are also informed that they are responsible for any computer file’s, database and/or  internet sites that are accessed through their computer identification account, notwithstanding their failure to adhere to the log in/out process, on their voluntary  publication of their account information to others. Local Studies Mendrez (2007) made a similar study for Vision Designer Inc. It has an identification machine aimed at verifying a person entering through the swiping of  identification cards. After entering their given code number, the identification cards are swiped in the machines card reader to trigger the verification. If access granted, the micro switch will then automatically unlock to allow enter. This will help a lot in monitoring attendances accurately and more precise. A group of computer engineers in Rebisco Biscuits Corporation proposed a thesis report for what is the same Innodata Corps is implementing right now computerized daily time record as an alternative for Bundy clock. The means of  getting inside the company premises is by swiping cards into a machine that reads every record of each employee then monitor and displays the time a particular  employee logs in and out. In the 2005 annual report of the Forest Products Research and Development Institute under the Department of Science and Technology, it is said that,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The computerized database and attendance on Forest Products Research and Development Institute was designed to facilitate the Institute's data entry,  processing, computation and maintenance of employee time and attendance transactions. The system allows employees to log in/out as the swipe their IDs through a barcode reader attached to a computer terminal. The processing forms include those for legal holidays, travel order, tardiness, under time, vacation and sick  leave. Pertinent Report forms have been designed for easier access to all these data. Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System is the key to proficient and successful time tracking and management in your workplace. It is a software-based time and attendance system that allows the user to collect and organize employee time data simply and accurately. You can use our system to: †¢ Easily and efficiently track your employee time. †¢ Manage your time & attendance data and employee profiles. †¢ Reduce the headaches and time associated with payroll. Best of all, Our Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System can quickly pay for itself in time savings, reduction of time theft and elimination of payroll errors. Methodology of the Study Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Model Employee The relevance of System Development Life Cycle to this study is that it typically provides an approach in problem solving and is made up of several phases. The SDLC approach explains that a project must have requirement analysis and how project planning begins that is essential for this research. The proponents use a use case diagram because it describes a sequence of actions that provide something of measurable value to an actor and is drawn as a horizontal ellipse. This study need to use an Use Case Development life Cycle because it typically explain the activities performed in a software development project such as requirements description of steps or actions between a user or â€Å"actor† and a software system which leads the user towards something useful. The proponents chose this because documentation is produced at an early stage of the development. The requirement analysis identifies and defines the need for the new system. It analyzes the information needs of the end users and creates a blueprint with the necessary specifications for the hardware, software, people and data resources. In the design phase, the proponents made a plan on how to solve the problems specified by the requirement document. It is also in this phase where the proponents identified the modules to be developed on the software to produce the desired results 1. Theoretical Framework Figure 2. 2 The diagram in figure 2. shows the theoretical framework of Attendance Monitoring with Payroll system. The study was from the concept of Transaction Processing System (TPS). The input starts when the employee log-in and log-out through barcode reader, in which the system will automatically read each barcode ID. The process inside the system includes the process being made between the employee and accounting department. The system computes the number of hours which the employee attendance by the Daily time Record (DTR), the attendance made as well as payroll. The system also store and display data about how employee transact with the accounting department. The attendance report by the company was recorded in the database. All process being made is recorded in the system. As a log-in and log-out being processed by the system, it is capable of generating reports like the number of hour attends; taxes, net par and gross pay as well as salary. This process will serve as a summary of information from the system as an attendance monitoring. 2. Conceptual framework On the basis of the foregoing concepts, theories, and findings of related literature, studies and insights taken from them, a conceptual model is develop as shown below: |INPUT | |PROCESS | |OUTPUT | |   | |   | |   | |Knowledge Requirements | |System Analysis | | | |a. Barcode reader | | | |Attendance monitoring using | | | | | |barcode reader with payroll | | | |a. Requirement Analysis | |system for CycleMar Caloocan | | | |b. Requirement Definition | |Corporation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Software Design | | | |a. Windows 7 OS | |a. Software Engineering | |   | |b. Visual Studio 9 | | Life Cycle | |   | |c. MySQL | |b. System Flowchart | |   | |   | |c. Context Diagram | |   | |Hardware Requirements | |d. Data Flow Diagram | |   | |- 1GB Memory | |   | |   | |-Intel Dual Core | |System Development | |   | |-Optical Mouse | |a. Scheduling of Activities | |   | |-barcode reader | |b. Program Coding | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | | | |   | |   | Figure 2. 3 INPUT 1. Knowledge Requirements The following are the knowledge requirements for the study. The proponents must have knowledge on barcode reader. The team must also have knowledge regarding Payroll system how they work and processes involved inside attendance monitoring with payroll system. 2. Software Requirements These are the software requirements of the system. The proponents used Windows 7 as their Operating System and Visual Studio 9 as their programming language. In their system database, the proponents used MySQL for storing of data and information. 3. Hardware Requirements There are two hardware requirements for the study. The processor of the computer must at least be Pentium IV and the RAM memory is 1GB. Barcode reader will be used to scan the barcode image printed in the employees ID. PROCESS 1. System Analysis The proponents must analyze the company's problem in order to design a system based on the needs of the company. They identified the company’s problem and specify a solution according to the problem. The proponents conducted interview and gathered information about the process under existing system of the company. 2. System Design The proponents designed a computerized system on attendance monitoring and payroll system. The number of hours will be recorded to the computer-based log-in and log-out system database. If an employee scans his/her Identification Card (ID), the system will record his/her log-in time and when the employee logs-out, the employee will scan again his/her I. D. Then when the payday comes, the accountant will release the pay slip of the employees. 3. System Development The proponents had six (6) months to do the research. In the first two months, the team gathered all the needed information for the study. On the third month, the team made the system’s flowchart and program flowchart. The third and fourth months, the team did the encoding of program, the making and designing of the database, connecting the barcode device to the system and database. On the fifth and sixth months, the system was evaluated and tested according to its function. The proponents expected the barcode reader was to be more or less than Php 2,000. 00 I. OUTPUT After the planning stage, gathering of relevant information, making and debugging the program and after six consecutive months of making the study, the computerized log-in and log-out was developed. The performance of this system will be tested by conducting lot of testing for trial and error. The system was evaluated by the company. CHAPTER  III SYSTEM PLANNING A. Description of the Existing System 1. Context Diagram Figure 3. 1 Context Diagram of attendance monitoring with payroll system 2. Data Flow Diagram Figure 3. 2. 1 attendance monitoring with payroll system Figure 3. 2. 2 Extracted data flow diagram for attendance monitoring. B. Problem Definition 1. Problem Description CycleMar Caloocan Corporation has a multiple number of employees that they managed in every department especially in the Retails and Whole Sales department. The problem was in the Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System. The company was using a Bundy Clock for their Attendance monitoring of the employees. The Bundy clock will not run if there’s no time card. The problem occurs when the records of the Attendance is being process for their Payroll System. When the payroll was process, they will record the attendance of each employee manually. So, the attendance records of the employees save manually and it takes a lot of time consuming to do that. The other problem is the space need to store the used time cards. In the payroll system, they compute manually depend on the level of the salaries and deductions of each employee. 2. Anticipated Business Benefits The company benefits to be obtained from the new system for Attendance Monitoring for Payroll System for CycleMar Caloocan Corporation are to integrate its technological component. More immediate benefits include the following: †¢ Computerized attendance Monitoring System †¢ Reduce data redundancy †¢ User friendly Monitoring System for Payroll System †¢ Easy to identify records †¢ Have a database server to support the monitoring and payroll records †¢ Secure records and information of the entire system †¢ Have a data report †¢ Process transaction efficiency 3. System Capabilities To obtain corporation benefit listed previously, the users support subsystem will include the following capabilities. SUBSYSTEMS |CAPABILITIES | |Attendance Monitoring |Computerize Login and Logout to record data. | | |Have an efficient Attendance Monitoring. | | |Have a new and Effective device. (Barcode Reader) for employee’s ID. | |Application (Employee) |Eas y to record a new employees. | | |Update employee’s record. | | |Maintain reliable storage information of each employee. | |Payroll |Have reliable records of the employees to compute salaries. | |Maintain reliable storage information of each employee in terms of salaries. | Figure 3. 1 system capabilities C. Project Feasibility 1. Project Development Cost Personnel |Position |Salary | |Project Manager |PHP 25,000. 00 | |Senior Technical Specialist |PHP 20,000. 00 | |System Analyst |PHP 17,500. 0 | |Database Analyst |PHP 16,500. 00 | |Programmer |PHP 15,000. 00 | |Total |PHP 94,000. 00 | Hardware |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Intel Celeron (PC Set) |PHP 11,960. 00 |PHP 35,880. 0 | |1 |C10-W |PHP 1,580. 00 |PHP 1,580. 00 | | |Contact Barcode Scanner | | | |1 |TP-Link SF-1008D 8-port Switch |PHP 720. 00 |PHP 720. 00 | | |(Network Switch) | | | |3 |APC BE-500R-PH ES500va black |PHP 2,540. 00 |PHP 7,620. 0 | | |(UPS/AVR) | | | | | |PHP 16,800. 00 |PHP 45,800. 00 | Software |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Microsoft Windows 7 Professional|PHP 7,160. 00 |PHP 21,480. 00 | |2 |Microsoft Office 2010 Home and |PHP 9,330. 00 |PHP 18,660. 0 | | |Business | | | | | |PHP 16,490. 00 |PHP 40,140. 00 | Furniture and Fixtures |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |2 |Computer Chair |PHP 770 |PHP 2,310. 00 | |3 |Office Table |PHP 900 |PHP 2,700. 0 | | | |PHP 1,670. 00 |PHP 5,010. 00 | Expenses |Particular |Amount | |Training Expenses |PHP 15,000. 00 | |Transportation |PHP 3,000. 00 | | |PHP 18,000. 00 | Summary Particular |Amount | |Personnel |PHP 94,000. 00 | |Hardware |PHP 45,800. 00 | |Software |PHP 40,140. 00 | |Furniture and Fixture |PHP 5,010. 00 | |Expenses |PHP 18,000. 0 | | |PHP 202,950. 00 | 2. Cost – Benefit Analysis |Personnel |Number |No. of Working Days |Hours/Day |Rate/Day | |Accountant Head |1 |20,000. 00 |20,000. 00 |240,000. 00 | |Accountant |10 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 00 | |Office Staff |40 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 0 | |Secretary |7 |9,000. 00 |9,000. 00 |108,000. 00 | |Sales Executive Head |1 |15,000. 00 |15,000. 00 |180,000. 00 | |Sales Executive |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Sales Staff |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Retail Head |1 |22,000. 00 |22,000. 00 |264,000. 0 | |Sales Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Maintenance Head |1 |25,000. 00 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Maintenance Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Service Advisor |20 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 00 | |Unit Head |1 |25,000. 0 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Unit Staff |30 |9,500. 00 |9,500. 00 |114,000. 00 | | | | |2,187,178. 00 |2,394,000. 00 | Hardware |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |1 |Bundy Clock |3,500. 00 |3,500. 00 | Stationeries and Supplies Quantity |Particular |Price |Total | |200 pieces |Time Card |119. 75 |239. 50 | |1 pieces |Ball pen |15. 00 |15. 00 | | | | |254. 50 | Expenses |Particular |Amount | |Hardwar e |PHP 3,500. 0 | |Stationeries and Supplies |PHP 254. 50 | |Total |PHP 3,754. 50 | Summary Existing Cost |Particular |Amount | |Personnel |PHP 2,394,000. 00 | |Expenses |PHP 3,754. 0 | |Total |PHP 2,397,754. 50 | Present Value Analysis |Year |Present Value (15%) |Existing System | |0 |1. 000 |2,397,754. 50 | |1 |0. 869 |2,083,648. 600 | |2 |0. 756 |1,812,702. 02 | |3 |0. 657 |1,575,324. 706 | |4 |0. 572 |1,372,515. 574 | |5 |0. 497 |1,191,683. 986 | |6 |0. 432 |1,035,829. 944 | | | |11,469,459. 712 | An Analysis and Design of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation B. Cost Analysis of the Proposed System Personnel Monthly Salary |Personnel |Number |No. of Working Days |Hours/Day |Rate/Day | |System Administrator |2 |13,000. 00 |13,000. 00 |312,000. 00 | |Accountant Head |1 |20,000. 00 |20,000. 00 |240,000. 00 | |Accountant |10 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 0 | |Office Staff |40 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Secretary |7 |9,000. 00 |9,000. 00 |108,000. 00 | |Sales Executive Head |1 |15,000. 00 |15,000. 00 |180,000. 00 | |Sales Executive |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Sales Staff |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 0 | |Retail Head |1 |22,000. 00 |22,000. 00 |264,000. 00 | |Sales Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Maintenance Head |1 |25,000. 00 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Maintenance Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Service Advisor |20 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 0 | |Unit Head |1 |25,000. 00 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Unit Staff |30 |9,500. 00 |9,500. 00 |114,000. 00 | | | | |2,200,178. 00 |2,706,000. 00 | Hardware |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Intel Celeron (PC Set) |PHP 11,960. 00 |PHP 35,880. 0 | |1 |C10-W |PHP 1,580. 00 |PHP 1,580. 00 | | |Contact Barcode Scanner | | | |1 |TP-Link SF-1008D 8-port Switch |PHP 720. 00 |PHP 720. 00 | | |(Network Switch) | | | |3 |APC BE-500R-PH ES500va black |PHP 2,540. 00 |PHP 7,620. 0 | | |(UPS/AVR) | | | | | |PHP 16,800. 00 |PHP 45,800. 00 | Software |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Microsoft Windows 7 Professional|PHP 7,160. 00 |PHP 21,480. 00 | |2 |Microsoft Office 2010 Home and |PHP 9,330. 00 |PHP 18,660. 0 | | |Business | | | | | |PHP 16,490. 00 |PHP 40,140. 00 | Furniture and Fixtures |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |2 |Computer Chair |PHP 770 |PHP 2,310. 00 | |3 |Office Table |PHP 900 |PHP 2,700. 0 | | | |PHP 1,670. 00 |PHP 5,010. 00 | Stationeries and Supplies |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total | |5 Ream |Bond Paper |185. 00 |925. 00 | |24 |Black Ink |50. 00 |1,200. 00 | |24 |Color Ink |90. 0 |2,160. 00 | | | | |4,285. 00 | Expenses |Particular |Existing System |Proposed System | |Personnel |2,394,000. 00 |2,706,000. 00 | |Hardware |3,500. 00 |45,800. 00 | |Software |0. 0 |40,140. 00 | |Furniture and Fixtures |0. 00 |5,010. 00 | |Stationeries and Supplies |254. 50 |4,285. 00 | |Equipment Annual Maintenance |—————— |36,000. 00 | |Total |2,397,754. 50 |2,837,235. 00 | CHAPTER  IV SYSTEM ANALYSIS INFORMATION GATHERING TOOL AND TECHNIQUES A. Questionnaire This questionnaire is distributed in order to gather information regarding the role of personality questionnaire in human resource processes as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Through your participation, the study will be able to make possible recommendations that will highlight the functions of personality questionnaire and the guidelines for its appropriate utilization. The following questions that you will read below pertain to your perception on the use of personality questionnaire in recruiting and appraising applicants or employees. Kindly encircle the number of your choice in answering this questionnaire. Please answer the questions as honestly as possible. Thank you very much for your cooperation. B. GUIDE QUESTION The specific guide question is relate from the CycleMar Caloocan Corp. The question is about the company’s Attendance Monitoring for Payroll System. Our guide question for CycleMar Caloocan Corporation is the following: †¢ Who is the Owner of the company? †¢ What was the History of the company? †¢ What is the Organizational Chart of the company? †¢ What is the existing system of the company? †¢ What is the problem about the existing system of the company? †¢ When the problem of the system happened? †¢ Where the problem happened? †¢ What is the process of their attendance monitoring and payroll system? †¢ Who are involved in the system? †¢ How many are the employees? †¢ How many departments are there in their company? †¢   What Is a Time and Attendance Tracking Method? Description of the proposed system Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation uses a Bundy clock to record the attendance monitoring of the employees. In this reason we are urged to create a computerized attendance monitoring with payroll system that will record the attendance of the employees’ time-in and time-out of every department for also the processing of the salary. Solutions to problems Create a computerized attendance monitoring with payroll system that record fast and accurate employees’ attendance. The manual system losses its data from the previous records so the proponents were urged to create a long term archive of data that will benefit the company in the future. Losses of materials is an everyday routine and cannot be eliminated but according to our research and own observations the losses that the company was getting for this past years can be minimize by creating a proper designation of materials to every staff, in that way each material can be properly monitored during a certain event. Context Diagram [pic] Data Flow Diagram [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] CHAPTER  V SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION A. Systems Design Models 1. Screen Layout USER LOGIN DTR (Daily Rime Record) Form Administator Form Add User Form (Administrator) Human Resource Home Form Human Resource Employee's Record Form Human Resource Logged Form Accounting Home Form Accounting Payroll Form Accounting Payroll Summary Form 2. Report Layout Organizational Directory B. Database Design 1. Table Description in Normalized Form |Table Name |Nos. f Fields |Description | |tbl_emp |8 |Employee's Informations | |tbl_logged |5 |Employee's Logged | |tbl_pay roll |10 |Payroll datas of employees | |tbl_total |5 |Total of Earnings, Deductions and Hours | |tbl_user |4 |User's Logged informations | 2. Table Relationships/Entity Relationship Diagram One to Many Relationship 3. Data Structure tbl_emp tbl_logged tbl_payroll tbl_total tbl_user 4. Data Dictionary Table Name: tbl_emp – Employee's Information |id_num |INTEGER |Unique number for each employee | |Lastname |VARCHAR(45) |Employee's Surname | |Fname VARCHAR(45) |Employee's Given Name | |MidName |VARCHAR(45) |Employee's Middle Name | |Gender |VARCHAR(10) |Employee's Gender | |Status |VARCHAR(20) |Employee's Status | |Position |VARCHAR(45) |Position of employee